Evaluación de la actividad antimicrobiana in vitro de extractos de Persea americana (Aguacate) variedad Choquette sobre el crecimiento de Staphylococcus aureus y Escherichia coli / Evaluation of the in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts of Persea americana (Avocado) variety Choquette on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

Las enfermedades infecciosas se encuentran entre las primeras causas de muerte a nivel mundial y la situación se agravada por la aparición progresiva de resistencia a las terapias farmacológicas convencionales. La Persea americana (aguacate), posee sustancias activas que regulan la proliferación de algunos microorganismos patógenos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la actividad antimicrobiana y concentración mínima inhibitoria de extractos de Persea americana variedad Choquette sobre el crecimiento de S. aureus ATCC 29213 y E. coli ATCC 25922. La presente fue una investigación de tipo experimental en la que se utilizaron extractos de la cáscara, pulpa y semilla a partir de solventes orgánicos. Se determinó la concentración mínima inhibidora (CMI) y bactericida (CMB) de cada extracto utilizando placas de agar Mueller Hinton las cuales fueron inoculadas con la suspensión bacteriana ajustada. La CMI y CMB para la E. coli. Tratada con la cáscara (solvente hexano y el cloroformo) fue de (1/2)1000 mg/ml; la CMI y CMB para el S. aureus (con los solventes cloroformo y acetato de etilo) fue de (1/2)1000 mg/ml, el extracto de la pulpa no presentó actividad antimicrobiana para ambos microorganismos. Los resultados reflejan actividad antimicrobiana en cascara y semilla, por lo que se propone desarrollar nuevas investigaciones orientadas hacia la caracterización de estos compuestos con miras al desarrollo de fármacos antimicrobianos

Infectious diseases are among the leading causes of death worldwide and the situation is aggravated by the progressive emergence of resistance to conventional drug therapies. The Persea americana (avocado), has active substances that regulate the proliferation of some pathogenic microorganisms. The objective of this research was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration of extracts of Persea americana variety Choquette on the growth of S. aureus ATCC 29213 and E. coli ATCC 25922. The present was an experimental investigation using extracts of the shell, pulp and seed from organic solvents. The minimum inhibitory (MIC) and bactericidal (MIB) concentration of each extract was determined using Mueller Hinton agar plates which were inoculated with the adjusted bacterial suspension. The MIC and CMB for E. coli. Treated with the shell (hexane solvent and chloroform) was (1/2)1000 mg/ml; the MIC and CMB for S. aureus (with the solvents chloroform and ethyl acetate) was (1/2)1000 mg/ml, the pulp extract did not present antimicrobial activity for both microorganisms. The results reflect antimicrobial activity in shell and seed, so it is proposed to develop further research aimed at the characterization of these compounds for the development of antimicrobial drugs

[Risk factors for arterial hypertension in the adult population of an urban region of Ecuador]. / Factores de riesgo para hipertensión arterial en población adulta de una región urbana de Ecuador.

Objectives . To determine the risk factors for arterial hypertension (HTN) in the adult resident population of the city of Cuenca, Ecuador Materials and methods A cross-sectional analytical study of adults selected via multistage random sampling who underwent clinical, anthropometric, and laboratory evaluations. The diagnosis of HTN was defined according to the JNC-7 criteria. A multiple logistic regression model was performed Results A total of 318 persons were included. The prevalence of HTN was 25.8% (males: 27.2% vs. females: 24.7%; p = 0.617). In the multiple logistic regression model, the risk factors for HTN were age > 60 years (OR, 8.68; 95% CI, 3.56-21.14; p < 0.001), obesity according to body mass index (OR, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.04-5.70; p = 0.042), high caloric intake (OR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.01- 4.53; p = 0.044), and family history of HTN (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.02-2.90; p = 0.040) Conclusions The presence of HTN in this population is associated with both intrinsic and environmental factors, which should be considered in routine evaluations to ensure its early identification and control.

Factores de riesgo para hipertensión arterial en población adulta de una región urbana de Ecuador / Risk factors for arterial hypertension in the adult population of an urban region of Ecuador

RESUMEN Objetivos Determinar los factores de riesgo para hipertensión arterial (HTA) en población adulta residente en la ciudadde Cuenca, Ecuador Materiales y métodos Estudio transversal analítico realizado en adultos seleccionados mediante muestreo aleatorio multietápico, a quienes se les realizó evaluación clínica, evaluación antropométrica y de laboratorio. El diagnóstico de HTA fue definido según los criterios del JNC-7. Se realizó un modelo de regresión logística múltiple Resultados Se incluyeron 318 personas. La prevalencia de HTA fue de 25,8% (hombres: 27,2% vs mujeres: 24,7%; p=0,617). En el modelo de regresión logística múltiple, los factores de riesgo para HTA fueron la edad > 60 años (OR 8,68; IC 95%: 3,56-21,14; p<0,001), obesidad según índice de masa corporal (OR 2,36; IC 95%: 1,04-5,70; p=0,042), alto consumo calórico (OR 2,06; IC 95%: 1,01-4,53; p=0,044) y el antecedente familiar de HTA (OR 1,58; IC 95%: 1,02-2,90; p=0,040) Conclusiones La presencia de HTA en esta población se asocia a factores intrínsecos como medioambientales, los cuales deben ser considerados en la evaluación rutinaria para la identificación y control temprano de esta enfermedad.

ABSTRACT Objectives . To determine the risk factors for arterial hypertension (HTN) in the adult resident population of the city of Cuenca, Ecuador Materials and methods A cross-sectional analytical study of adults selected via multistage random sampling who underwent clinical, anthropometric, and laboratory evaluations. The diagnosis of HTN was defined according to the JNC-7 criteria. A multiple logistic regression model was performed Results A total of 318 persons were included. The prevalence of HTN was 25.8% (males: 27.2% vs. females: 24.7%; p = 0.617). In the multiple logistic regression model, the risk factors for HTN were age > 60 years (OR, 8.68; 95% CI, 3.56-21.14; p < 0.001), obesity according to body mass index (OR, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.04-5.70; p = 0.042), high caloric intake (OR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.01- 4.53; p = 0.044), and family history of HTN (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.02-2.90; p = 0.040) Conclusions The presence of HTN in this population is associated with both intrinsic and environmental factors, which should be considered in routine evaluations to ensure its early identification and control.

Increased levels of lipoprotein (a) are related to family risk factors of cardiovascular disease in children and adolescents from Maracaibo, Venezuela.

The aims of this study were to determine Lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] concentrations in a sample of subjects from Maracaibo, Venezuela, and to determine the relationship of family risk factors for cardiovascular disease and their Lp(a) levels. Two hundred twenty-seven healthy individuals between 5 and 19 years of age of both genders and multiethnic origins were selected. A complete background clinical chart and laboratory test was conducted for each patient to discard cardiovascular diseases and confirm their healthy state. The Lp(a) concentration was determined using the double antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. For inferential statistical analysis, one-factor analysis of variance tests and Student t test for independent observations were used according to each case, considered significant when P value was <0.05. No significant differences were observed when evaluating Lp(a) levels according to gender in all ages. Males showed no significant difference in Lp(a) levels between groups, but, in females, a significantly lower level (P < 0.03) in the group 5 to 9 years of age was found. When considering only age, significantly lower levels were observed (P < 0.03) in the 5- to 9-year-old group. When studying family risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, it was found that the group with family risk factors had a significantly higher Lp(a) concentration (P < 0.01) than those without family risk factors, observing that those who had four or more factors exhibited a significantly higher concentration than those with two to three risk factors (30.6 +/- 4.5 mg/dL versus 18.5 +/- 12.2 mg/dL, P < 0.009) and than those with one risk factor (30.6 +/- 4.5 mg/dL versus 21.6 +/- 1.4 mg/dL, P < 0.03). These results emphasize the clusters of family risk factors of cardiovascular disease with higher Lp(a) levels and also indicate that the evaluation of its concentration should be taken as an independent risk factor of atherosclerosis for the population in developmental ages.

Metformin plus low-dose glimeperide significantly improves Homeostasis Model Assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA(IR)) and beta-cell function (HOMA(beta-cell)) without hyperinsulinemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVE: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by insulin resistance and defects in insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells, which have been studied by using euglycemic/hyperinsulinemic clamps. However, it is difficult to study insulin resistance and beta-cell failure by these techniques in humans. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of three different antidiabetic therapeutic regimens on insulin resistance and beta-cell activity by using a mathematical model, Homeostasis Model Assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA(IR)) and beta-cell function (HOMA(beta-cell)). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Seventy type 2 diabetic patients were randomly assigned to one of three therapeutic regimens: (A) metformin + American Diabetic Association (ADA)-recommended diet + physical activity; (B) metformin + low-dose glimepiride + ADA diet + physical activity; or (C) ADA diet + physical activity (no drugs). Blood samples were obtained before and after the treatment to determine serum levels of fasting and post-prandial blood glucose, fasting insulin, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and HOMA(IR) and HOMA(beta-cell) were calculated. RESULTS: Fasting and post-prandial levels of glucose, HbA1c, and fasting insulin and calculated HOMA(IR) and HOMA(beta-cell) values before treatment were significantly higher than the respective values after treatment for all groups of patients (P < 0.01). Significant differences were also found when comparing the treatment-induced reduction in fasting blood glucose (51.8%; P < 0.01), post-prandial blood glucose (55.0%; P < 0.05), and HOMA(IR) (65.3%; P < 0.01) in patients of Group B with that in patients receiving other therapeutic options (Groups A and C). CONCLUSIONS: Metformin plus low-dose glimepiride (plus ADA diet and physical activity) is a more effective treatment for type 2 diabetes than either metformin plus ADA diet and physical activity or ADA diet and physical activity alone. Determination of HOMA(IR) and HOMA(beta-cell) values is an inexpensive, reliable, less invasive, and less labor-intensive method than other tests to estimate insulin resistance and beta-cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Oat-derived beta-glucan significantly improves HDLC and diminishes LDLC and non-HDL cholesterol in overweight individuals with mild hypercholesterolemia.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of bread formulated with 6 g of beta-glucan (oat soluble fiber) on serum lipids in overweight normotensive subjects with mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia. DESIGN: Thirty-eight male subjects [mean age 59.8 +/- 0.6 yr, mean body mass index (BMI) 28.3 +/- 0.6 kg/m(2)] who were eligible for the study ate an isocaloric diet for a 1-week period. They were then divided into 2 groups: group A (n = 19), who were maintained on American Heart Association (AHA) Step II diet, including whole wheat bread, and group B (n = 19), who were maintained on AHA Step II diet containing high levels of monounsaturated fatty acids plus bread containing 6 g of beta-glucan (Nutrim-OB) for 8 weeks. Plasma lipids and glucose were measured at baseline and after weeks 8 in all subjects. All subjects were advised to walk for 60 minutes every day. RESULTS: There was a significant increase (upward arrow 27.8%) in plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in the beta-glucan group (group A) from 39.4 +/- 2.0 to 49.5 +/- 2.1 mg/dL (P < 0.001), but there was no change in group B. There was a significant reduction in total cholesterol in the 2 groups to approximately the same extent: group A, from 232.8 +/- 2.7 mg/dL to 202.7 +/- 6.7 mg/dL; P < 0.001; and group B, from 231.8 +/- 4.3 mg/dL to 194.2 +/- 4.3 mg dL; P < 0.001. Plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol also decreased significantly in the two groups: group A, from 160.3 +/- 2.8 mg/dL to 133.2 +/- 5.4 mg/dL; P < 0.001; group B, from 167.9 +/- 4.3 mg/dL to 120.9 +/- 4.3 mg/dL; P < 0.001; however, the beta-glucan fortified diet was significantly more effective (downward arrow 27.3% vs. downward arrow 16.8%; P < 0.04). There was a small and insignificant reduction in plasma very LDL (VLDL) cholesterol and triglycerides in the two groups. Similarly, non-HDL cholesterol levels were also decreased, with beta-glucan diet producing significantly higher effect (downward arrow 24.5% vs. downward arrow 16.1%; P < 0.04). The beta-glucan diet also produced higher reduction in total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio (downward arrow 33.3% vs. downward arrow 8.4%; P < 0.003) and LDL cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio (downward arrow 42.1% vs. downward arrow 13.3%; P < 0.001) than the diet without beta-glucan. The beta-glucan diet also decreased fasting plasma glucose (P < 0.4), whereas the other diet had no effect. Interestingly, both diets reduced body weight and BMI significantly, with beta-glucan diet having a greater effect. CONCLUSIONS: Six grams of beta-glucan from oats added to the AHA Step II diet and moderate physical activity improved lipid profile and caused a decrease in weight and, thus, reduced the risk of cardiovascular events in overweight male individuals with mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia. The diet with added beta-glucan was well accepted and tolerated.

Ciprofibrate treatment decreases non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides and increases high density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with Frederickson type IV dyslipidemia phenotype.

OBJECTIVE: The combination of hypertriglyceridemia and low high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is one of the most common lipid abnormalities. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of ciprofibrate on lipid profile in patients with Frederickson's type IV dyslipidemia phenotype. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Seventy-five patients with type IV dyslipidemia were assigned at random to 1 of 2 therapeutic options: group A (control), American Heart Association (AHA) Step II diet and physical activity; and group B, AHA diet, physical activity, and ciprofibrate 100 mg daily for 8 weeks. The lipid profile of all patients was determined at baseline and after therapeutic intervention. RESULTS: Patients in group B (treated with ciprofibrate) compared with group A (control) had significantly higher reductions in total cholesterol (downward arrow 14.2% vs. downward arrow 4.8%; P < 0.02), triglycerides (downward arrow 38.0% vs. downward arrow 21.6%; P < 0.007), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (downward arrow 38.0% vs. downward arrow 21.6%; P < 0.007), non-HDL cholesterol (downward arrow 20.5% vs. downward arrow 7.1%; P < 0.007), and total cholesterol/high density cholesterol ratio (downward arrow 25.6% vs. downward arrow 9.4%; P < 0.01). The ciprofibrate group had a significantly higher increase in HDL cholesterol levels compared with the other group (upward arrow 25.0% vs. upward arrow 9.6%, P < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Ciprofibrate treatment effectively reduced triglyceride-rich particles and non-HDL cholesterol, and significantly increased HDL cholesterol, proving its effectiveness in patients with low HDL cholesterol and type IV Frederickson's hyperlipidemia.

Inicio de la cardiología en Venezuela / The beginning of cardiology in Venezuela

La cardiología, previamente establecidas sus bases entre los siglos XVI y XX, se inicia en 1920, cuando por primera vez aparece el vocablo "cardiología" como título de la revista Archivos de Cardiología y Hematología, fundada por Pitaluga y Galandre, en España. En venezuela la inicia, en 1925, el doctor Heberto Cuenca Carrujo, en Maracaibo, la cual continúa en Caracas, de 1931 a 1938. Cuenca regenta la cátedra de Medicina Interna (UCV), desde 1935, y fue Jefe del Servicio de Medicina (Hospital Vargas, 1936). Continuaron los doctores Gustavo Plaza Izquierdo como jefe de la cátedra de Cardiología (1936), y Bernardo Gómez desde 1937. Este, posteriormente, inicia la estructuración de las instituciones cardiológicas básicas del país, campaña a la cual se incorporó el doctor Carlos Gil Yepez. Cuenca público noventa trabajos de investigación clínica, treinta de ellos sobre la cardiología: isquemia, arritmias, electrocardiografía, radiología, congénitas, miocardiopatías y corazon en deportes, publicados en: 1. Revista de la Sociedad Médico-Quirúrgica del Zulia. 2. Gaceta Médica de Caracas. 3. Archivos Venezolanos de Cardiológía y Hematología, esta última, fundada y editada por él, en 1935, la cual constituyó la primera revista cardiológica venezolana. La primera investigación, en 1927, versó sobre electrocardiografía

[Malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione increase in patients with chronic stable ischaemic cardiopathy]. / Incremento de las concentraciones séricas de malondialdehído y glutatión reducido en pacientes con cardiopatía isquémica crónica estable.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Cardiovascular diseases are associated with the ischemia/reperfusion phenomena and therefore to the oxidation/antioxidation balance. The aim of this study was to determine malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, glutathione, ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acid in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease. PATIENTS AND METHOD: 32 male patients, with chronic ischemic heart disease, between 40 and 60 years of age were studied. These individuals were divided in two groups: 16 with hypertension and 16 without hypertension. Both groups were compared with 31 healthy male subjects (control group). RESULTS: Significant differences (p < 0.001) was observed in malondialdehyde between no-hypertension ischemic group: 5.3 (1.5) microM and the hypertension ischemic group: 4.8 (1.3) microM in contrast with the healthy group: 2.2 (0.5) microM. Hypertension ischemic group showed significant greater reduced glutation levels: 286.1 (31.4) microg/ml than control group 262.0 (38.8) microg/ml; p < 0.03 and no-hypertension ischemic group: 256.4 (41.5) microg/ml; p < 0.02. No significant difference in the rest of the parameters for all study groups. CONCLUSIONS: Oxidation/antioxidation balance during chronic ischemic heart disease can be considered as a good metabolic ischemia indicator, that used in the monitoring and therapeutic evaluation could detect molecular changes that anticipate installation of tissue damage.

Incremento de las concentraciones séricas de malondialdehído y glutatión reducido en pacientes con cardiopatía isquémica crónica estable / Malondialdehide and reduced glutathione increase in patients with chronic stable ischaemic cardiopathy

FUNDAMENTO Y OBJETIVO: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares están asociadas a isquemia/reperfusión. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el malondial de hído,óxido nítrico, glutatión reducido, ácido ascórbico y ácido deshidroascórbico en cardiópatas isquémicos crónicos. PACIENTES Y MÉTODO: Se estudió a 32 varones con cardiopatía isquémica crónica, de entre 40 y 60años, que se dividieron en 2 grupos: uno constituido por 16 sujetos hipertensos y el segundo formado por 16 pacientes sin hipertensión. Ambos grupos se compararon con 31 varones sanos (grupo control).RESULTADOS: El malondial de hído presentó un incremento estadísticamente significativo (p < 0,001) en los pacientes con cardiopatía no hipertensiva (media[desviación estándar] de 5,3 [1,5] µM) y en los que tenían cardiopatía hipertensiva (4,8 [1,3] µM) comparados con los individuos sanos (2,2 [0,5] µM). El grupo de cardiópatas hipertensos presentó un valor de glutatión reducido significativamente mayor(286,1 [31,4] µg/ml) que el de los individuos cardiópatas sin hipertensión: (256,4 [41,5] µg/ml) (p <0,02) y que el grupo control (262,0 [38,8] µg/ml)(p < 0,03). No hubo diferencias significativas en el resto de los parámetros para todos los grupos. CONCLUSIONES: El equilibrio oxidación/antioxidación durante la cardiopatía isquémica crónica puede considerarse como un buen indicador metabólico de isquemia/reperfusión y llegar a detectar los cambios moleculares que anteceden a la instauración de la lesión tisular

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Cardiovascular diseasesare associated with the ischemia/reperfusion phenomenaand there fore to the oxidation/antioxidation balance. The aim of this study was to determine malondialhehyde, nitric oxide, glutathione, ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acid in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease. PATIENTS AND METHOD: 32 male patients, with chronicischemic heart disease, between 40 and 60 years of age were studied. These individuals were divided in two groups: 16 with hypertension and 16without hypertension. Both groups were compared with 31 healthy male subjects (control group).RESULTS: Significant differences (p < 0.001) was observed in malondialdehyde between no-hypertension ischemic group: 5.3 (1.5) µM and the hypertension ischemic group: 4.8 (1.3) µM in contrast with the healthy group: 2.2 (0.5) µM. Hypertension ischemic group showed significant greater reduced glutation levels: 286.1 (31.4)µg/ml than control group 262.0 (38.8) µg/ml; p <0.03 and no-hypertension ischemic group: 256.4(41.5) µg/ml; p < 0.02. No significant difference in the rest of the parameters for all study groups. CONCLUSIONS: Oxidation/antioxidation balance during chronic ischemic heart disease can be considered as a good metabolic ischemia indicator, that used in the monitoring and therapeutic evaluation could detect molecular changes that anticipatein stallation of tissue damage

Quimioprevención del cáncer de mama: fronteras y horizontes / Chemoprevention of the breast cancer: opposite and horizons

La modulación de la estimulación estrogénica en el tejido mamario constituyó por mucho tiempo la única estrategia terapéutica en la quimioprevención del cáncer de mama, siendo los moduladores selectivos de los receptores de estrógenos o SERMS los fármacos que han recibido más atención en este campo. Sin embargo, el aumento del conocimiento de blancos moleculares y de las vías intracelulares relacionadas con el proceso carcinogénico ha dado paso a la posibilidad de la utilización con fines quimiopreventivos de una gran cantidad de compuestos activos, que bien, forman parte de la dieta o se incluyen en el grupo de los fitoquímicos como los carotenoides, los fitoestrógenos y ciertas vitaminas. Igualmente, los receptores nucleares de la familia PPAR se han implicado como posibles agentes anticancerígenos, razón por la cual su modulación por fármacos como las tiazolidinedionas constituye una de las estrategias más recientes y prometedoras en el campo de la quimioprevención

La interpretación deductiva de las doce derivaciones (y no tres) del Ecg-12D mejora la determinación de las vías accesorias en 78 casos de síndrome de wolff-parkinson white (SWPW) / The interpretation deductive of the doce derivation (and not three) of Ecg-12D improvement the determination of the way accesories in 78 cases of Wolff-Parkinson-white syndrome (SWPW)

El síndrome de Wolff-Parkinson-White (PR corto más bloqueo funcional de rama) se debe a la existencia de vías accesorias miocárdicas (auricular/ventricular), identificados originalmente en el electrocardiograma de 12 derivaciones (ECG-12D) como patrones A, B y C. Mediante estudio electrofisiológico, Gallagher identificó 10 localizaciones, pero no la dirección y sentido de los vectores ventriculares. Nuestro propósito es demostrar la posibilidad de establecer el origen y la orientación del haz anómalo mediante la determinación del vector ventricular principal (incluida la onda delta) utilizando las doce derivaciones y señalando su posición izquierda o derecha, superior o inferior y anterior o posterior. En este trabajo se estudiaron 78 pacientes, entre 2 y 65 años de edad, de ellos, 71 no mostraron otra enfermedad, mientras dos tenían enfermedad de Ebstein y cinco hipertensión arterial esencial. Según la ubicación del haz los pacientes fueron clasificados en dos subtipos: a) Con haces ventriculares izquierdos: haces 9 (C1) y 7 (A1) según la Sociedad Internacional de Cardiología (SIC), con 11 y 10 casos respectivamente. b) Con haces ventriculares derechos: haces 1(B2), 2(B1), 3(A2), 4, 5 y 6 (A3) con 26, 5, 21 y 5 casos respectivamente. Todos los resultados coincidieron con los patrones electrofisiológicos: C1(5), A1(4), B2(7), B1(4), A2(7) y A3 (5 casos). En conclusión, la detección de los haces anómalos mediante el ECG-12D facilitará el estudio electrofisiológico y en consecuencia a la solución de su principal complicación, las arritmias, sin duda, beneficiará al paciente

Comportamiento del malondialdehído y el óxido nítrico séricos en pacientes con infarto de miocardio / Malondialdehyde and nitric oxide behaviour in patient with miocardial infarction

Introducción y objetivos. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar la utilidad del malondialdehído y el óxido nítrico como sensores del daño metabólico producido durante el desarrollo del infarto del miocardio. Métodos. Se estudiaron 15 pacientes masculinos que consultaron la emergencia en el Hospital General del Sur de Maracaibo durante la etapa aguda y 30 días después de sufrir infarto del miocardio, en los cuales se determinaron el malondialdehído y el óxido nítrico séricos. Resultados. Nuestros resultados demuestran un aumento altamente significativo en la concentración de malondialdehído durante la fase aguda del infarto del miocardio (1,87 ñ 0,29 frente a 45,47 ñ 8,67 µM; p < 2,01 × 10-5) que regresan, a los 30 días postinfarto, a cifras sin diferencia significativas cuando se las compara con individuos sanos de la misma edad (1,87 ñ 0,29 frente a 4,58 ñ 1,43 µM). En cuanto al óxido nítrico se observó un aumento altamente significativo (41,25 ñ 3,59 frente a 164,63 ñ 12,7 µM; p < 2,13 × 10-10) durante la fase aguda del infarto del miocardio, que retorna a cifras sin diferencias significativas 30 días después del infarto (41,25 ñ 3,59 frente a 40,85 ñ 4,50 µM) cuando se las compara con individuos sanos de la misma edad. Conclusiones. Nuestros resultados demuestran que las concentraciones de malondialdehído y óxido nítrico aumentan significativamente durante la fase aguda del infarto del miocardio y disminuyen a valores normales durante su evolución, hecho que hace de estas sustancias indicadores potencialmente útiles para el pronóstico del infarto del miocardio (AU)